Living Environment Regents Quiz: Test!
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Character Test
1. Which statement describes an activity of a decomposer?
A mushroom digests and absorbs nutrients from organic matter.
A sunflower uses nutrients from the soil to make proteins.
A snail scrapes algae off rocks in an aquarium.
A hawk eats and digests a mouse.
2. The calcium concentration in the root cells of certain plants is higher than in the surrounding soil. Calcium may continue to enter the root cells of the plant by the process of
Diffusion
Respiration
Active transport
Protein synthesis
3. Homeostasis is maintained in a single-celled organism by the interaction of:
Organelles
Systems
Organs
Tissues
4. Within which structure of an animal cell does DNA replication take place?
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cell membrane
Ribosome
5. The shape of a protein is originally determined by the:
Arrangement of amino acids in the protein
Size of the protein molecule
Location of the protein within the cell
Function the protein must carry out
6. Plant cells can synthesize energy-rich organic molecules, and later break them down to extract that energy for performing life processes. These activities require direct interaction between the
Chloroplasts and mitochondria
Chloroplasts and vacuoles
Cell walls and ribosomes
Ribosomes and mitochondria
7. Selective breeding has been used for thousands of years to:
Produce new varieties of domestic animals
Develop bacteria that produce human insulin
Clone desirable plant varieties
Develop viruses that protect against diseases
8. A deletion of a DNA segment alters a gene in a single skin cell of an individual. Which statement best describes a result of this mutation?
Any cell produced from this skin cell will have the same mutation.
All offspring of the individual will have a skin cell mutation.
The mutation will spread into other types of cells.
The gametes of this individual will have the same mutation.
9. Some goats have been genetically modified with a human gene that codes for a blood anticlotting factor. The anticlotting factor can then be extracted from the goat milk and used during surgery. To produce these genetically modified goats, scientists most likely:
Inserted the human gene into the egg cells of goats
Injected the anticlotting factor into the milk-producing glands of the animals
Added modified DNA into the milk of the animals
Altered the nutritional requirements of newborn goats
10. Which characteristic is necessary for natural selection to occur in a species?
Variation
Stability
Complex cellular organization
A very low mutation rate
11. Researchers use a variety of techniques to learn more about the function of a specific gene in an organism. In one type of experiment, called a loss-of-function experiment, the gene being investigated is eliminated. In a gain-of-function experiment, extra copies of the gene being investigated are inserted. The cell process most directly affected in both experiments is
Protein synthesis
Waste disposal
Transport of materials
Breakdown of nutrients
12. Plants are green because they contain the protein chlorophyll. A bucket was left on the lawn for one week. When the bucket was removed, the grass under the bucket had turned from green to a yellowish white color. This change is due to the interaction between the grass and
The amount of sunlight, an abiotic factor
Decomposer organisms in the soil, an abiotic factor
Increased moisture under the bucket, a biotic factor
The metal composition of the bucket, a biotic factor
13. Which statement describes a function of the human male reproductive system?
It produces gametes in testes.
It provides support for the development of the embryo.
It supplies a fluid that protects the fetus.
It provides nutrient materials through a placenta.
14. Exposure to toxins during early stages of pregnancy is more likely to cause birth defects than exposure in late pregnancy because
Essential organs form during early development
The uterus provides more protection in late pregnancy
The placenta forms during late pregnancy
Meiosis occurs rapidly during early development
15. Although a liver cell and a muscle cell in a human developed from the same single cell, their appearance and functions are different. This is because the liver cell
Expresses different genes than the muscle cell
Contains different genes than the muscle cell
Destroys the muscle cell genes it contains
Lacks the genes found in muscle cells
16. Sexual reproduction in a species usually results in
Recombination of genes
An increase in the chromosome number in the offspring
Offspring genetically identical to the parent
A decrease in biodiversity
17. As water flows downhill, its energy can be used to generate electricity. Later, this water may evaporate, fall as rain, and be used again to generate electricity in the same way. This explains why electricity generated with water is considered
A renewable form of energy
A source of water pollution
More expensive than nuclear energy
Responsible for global warming
18. Scientists have found that although plants require light to carry on photosynthesis, very high levels of sunlight can kill some plants. This illustrates that many biochemical processes may occur
Within a specific range of conditions
More rapidly when temperatures are very high
Best in the absence of abiotic factors
Even if homeostasis is disrupted
19. A relationship between a consumer and producer is best illustrated by a
Deer eating grass
Snake eating a bird
Tree absorbing minerals
Fungus breaking down wastes
20. The evolutionary pathways of several species are represented in the diagram below. Which species was best adapted for survival in changing environmental conditions?
A
E
K
L
21. The diagram below represents a microscopic view of blood. Cell A protects the body by producing specific chemicals in response to pathogens. Cell A is
A white blood cell
A red blood cell
A bacteria cell
An insulin-producing cell
22. The diagram below represents a change in guard cells that open and close pores in a plant. This change directly helps to
Regulate water loss
Increase heterotrophic nutrition
Absorb minerals
Reduce seed production
23. Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself?
There are more consumers than producers.
The Sun provides the needed energy.
Energy is transferred from plants to animals.
There are interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.
24. Which statement best explains why different plant species are found at different water depths as represented in the diagram below?
In any particular environment, the growth and survival of organisms is affected by physical conditions.
Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, typically beginning with photosynthetic organisms.
Plants on land are higher up the food chain than plants under water.
Plant cells and some one-celled organisms contain chloroplasts.
25. Some people see the benefit of wind energy as a clean alternative to fossil fuels for energy production. Others believe it is dangerous for migratory birds. These opinions best illustrate that decisions about alternate energy sources
Must be made by weighing the risks and costs against the benefits
Will usually favor older methods of energy production over newer methods
Must be made by taking into account the present needs of the citizens without looking toward the future
Should be the responsibility of each individual
26. One way humans can promote the survival of organisms in an ecosystem is to
Learn about the interactions of populations
Decrease diversity in plant habitats
Introduce new consumers to control autotrophs
Release extra CO2 into the atmosphere to help autotrophs
27. Environmentalists are hoping to protect endangered organisms by calling for a reduction in the use of pesticides, because loss of these organisms would
Reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems
Increase the mutation rate in plants
Cause pesticides to become more toxic to insects
Decrease the space and resources available to other organisms
28. Which farming practice causes the least harm to the environment?
Using natural predators to reduce insect numbers
Adding chemical fertilizers to all the crops in the area
Planting the same crop for 1 year on all the fields in the area
Planting the same crop in the same field each year for 10 years
29. Some bacteria are unable to survive unless a certain nutrient is present in their food supply. After exposure to ultraviolet radiation, some of these bacteria are able to synthesize this nutrient. This change is most likely due to
An alteration in a gene
Increased respiration
Exposure to an antigen
Gamete formation
30. Which action by humans could improve the quality of the air?
Buying cars that get more miles per gallon of gasoline
Building homes that use only oil furnaces for heat
Increasing the number of coal-burning power plants that generate electricity
Cutting down forests to clear land for factories
31. Base your answer to this question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Euglena are single-celled organisms that live in ponds. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food. They can also take in food from the environment. The diagram below represents a euglena. An experiment was set up to determine the effect of nitrates, a pollutant, on the number of chloroplasts present in euglena. Five tanks were set up, each with euglena and a different concentration of nitrate solution: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The tanks were placed in a sunny location where each tank received the same amount of light. Which statement is a possible hypothesis for this experiment that could be supported by the results of this experiment?
If the nitrate concentration is increased, then the euglena will have a lower average number of chloroplasts.
If the average number of chloroplasts in euglena decreases, will less nitrate be needed in each tank?
If the number of euglena in a tank increases, will more nitrates be produced?
If the nitrate concentration is decreased, then more light will reduce the average number of chloroplasts in euglena.
32. Base your answer to this question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Euglena are single-celled organisms that live in ponds. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food. They can also take in food from the environment. The diagram below represents a euglena. An experiment was set up to determine the effect of nitrates, a pollutant, on the number of chloroplasts present in euglena. Five tanks were set up, each with euglena and a different concentration of nitrate solution: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The tanks were placed in a sunny location where each tank received the same amount of light. Which statement correctly identifies a variable in this experiment?
The independent variable is the concentration of nitrate solution used.
The dependent variable is the number of euglena placed in the tanks.
The independent variable is the amount of sunlight.
The dependent variable is the number of tanks used.
33. Base your answer to this question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Euglena are single-celled organisms that live in ponds. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food. They can also take in food from the environment. The diagram below represents a euglena. An experiment was set up to determine the effect of nitrates, a pollutant, on the number of chloroplasts present in euglena. Five tanks were set up, each with euglena and a different concentration of nitrate solution: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The tanks were placed in a sunny location where each tank received the same amount of light. Euglena can be classified as both
An autotroph and a heterotroph
An autotroph and a parasite
A decomposer and a heterotroph
A producer and a parasite
34. Two methods of reproduction are represented in the diagram below. How does the DNA in the offspring produced by these methods compare to the DNA in the original organism?
The DNA in the offspring is genetically identical to that of the original organism in both methods.
The offspring contain half the original number of chromosomes in each method.
The offspring produced by method A contain twice the original number of genes, while those produced by method B contain half the original number of genes.
The number of DNA bases is less than that of the original organism in method A, but more than the original number in method B.
35. Puppies are often given medicine to eliminate roundworms from their intestines. These worms consume some of the food the puppies have digested. The worms and the puppies represent a relationship known as
Parasite-host
Predator-prey
Consumer-producer
Autotroph-heterotroph
36. The diagram below represents cells and hormones present in the human body. Which statement correctly describes an interaction between the hormones and the cells?
Specific reactions carried out by cell 1 are regulated by hormone C.
Hormone A is synthesized by cell 2 and targets cell 1.
Hormone B bonds with both cell 1 and cell 2.
The specialized receptor molecules on cell 1 secrete hormone B.
37. In the diagram below, which letter indicates the part of the cell that carries out a function most similar to a function of the human excretory system?
D
A
B
C
38. In a DNA sample, 15% of the bases are thymine (T). What percentage of the bases in this sample are adenine (A)?
15%
30%
35%
85%
39. The graph below shows the results of an action of the enzyme catalase on a piece of meat. Evidence of enzyme activity is indicated by bubbles of oxygen. Which statement best summarizes the activity of catalase shown in the graph?
The enzyme works better at 35°C than at either temperature extreme.
The enzyme works better at 10°C than at 50°C.
The enzyme works better at 5°C than at 65°C.
The enzyme works at the same level in all environments.
40. Which process is represented in the diagram below?
Ecological succession
Energy flow
Biological evolution
Cellular communication
41. Base your answer to this question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents various levels of interaction between organisms in a prairie ecosystem. If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere were to decrease, which organism in the diagram would be one of the first affected by this change?
Wheat
Hawks
Locusts
Mold
42. Base your answer to this question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents various levels of interaction between organisms in a prairie ecosystem. Which statement best describes a function of the molds, bacteria, and yeasts in this ecosystem?
They break down dead organisms, releasing raw materials to the environment.
They convert light energy into chemical energy.
They carry out a food-making process, using inorganic raw materials.
They act as catalysts to speed up the energy flow between organisms.
43. The diagram below represents the measurement of a biological specimen. What is the approximate length of the specimen in millimeters?
30 mm
25 mm
35 mm
40 mm
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